FAR 52.243-1 — Changes — Fixed-Price

The Changes clause lets the contracting officer unilaterally direct changes within the general scope of the contract, with an equitable adjustment to price and schedule. Understanding it is how contractors avoid performing free work.

Clause
FAR 52.243-1
Applies to
Fixed-price contracts
Flows down to subs
Typically yes in modified form
Primary risk
Unpriced work and lost claims

Key takeaways

  • Read the clause as incorporated in your contract — tailoring and alternates change obligations.
  • Flowdown obligations are your responsibility; a noncompliant subcontractor is your problem.
  • Document compliance contemporaneously; after-the-fact reconstruction rarely satisfies auditors.
  • When a clause is unclear, ask the contracting officer in writing before award, not after.

What the clause requires

The contracting officer may make changes in drawings, designs, specifications, method of shipment, place of performance, or other defined areas. You must assert your right to an adjustment within 30 days of receiving the change order, and the adjustment covers both cost and schedule impact.

How to comply in practice

Never proceed on a verbal direction without written confirmation. When directed to change, notify in writing immediately, price the impact with supporting cost data, and preserve schedule impact evidence contemporaneously.

Common mistakes

The two fatal mistakes are accepting constructive changes from technical staff who have no authority to bind the government, and missing the notice window. Both convert a legitimate adjustment into uncompensated work.

FAQ

Who can direct a change?

Only the contracting officer has authority; technical representatives generally do not.

What is a constructive change?

Government conduct that effectively requires work beyond the contract without a formal change order.

How fast must I respond?

Assert your right to an equitable adjustment within 30 days of the change order, per the clause.

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